+35 %
risk of stroke when working 55 hours or more a week, compared with 35–40 hours.
WHO/ILO, 2021
ETRYUM for organisations · Executive health
Demand comes with the role. What makes the difference is the margin of control, the hours and the recovery. Evidence-based medicine for executives, founders and management committees.
The idea
In real leaders, a more senior role is associated with less cortisol and less anxiety, largely through a greater sense of control. When that control is lost to an external shock, the cost shows up in life expectancy.
−1.1 yearsof life expectancy after an industry crisis during the tenure.
+2 yearswhen the chief executive was shielded from market pressure.
Chief executives of large listed US companies, with data from the mid-seventies onwards. Borgschulte et al., The Journal of Finance, 2025.
The measurable cost
+35 %
risk of stroke when working 55 hours or more a week, compared with 35–40 hours.
WHO/ILO, 2021
+17 %
risk of dying from ischaemic heart disease with those same hours.
WHO/ILO, 2021
≈ 1 year
older in apparent age over the following decade, among chief executives who lived through an industry crisis during the Great Recession.
Borgschulte et al., 2025
Apparent age is a research measure from that study. At ETRYUM we work with objective, verifiable clinical data.
The approach
A standard check-up of everything produces data, but rarely direction. We start by understanding the person: their history, their hours, their margin of decision and their recovery. From there we decide what is worth measuring.
Depending on the case, the day may combine:
Dr Emmanuel González
Overall risk, blood pressure, lipids, metabolism and physical capacity.
Dr Patrick Welter
One reading of symptoms, history and tests, with a clear priority.
Cristóbal Becerril
Stress, sleep, rhythm and recovery.
Samuel Rubio and Dr Pablo Clemente
Pain, mobility, strength and return to activity.
For companies
Each participant receives an individual, confidential assessment. The organisation knows the framework; the medical record always belongs to the person.
Every figure on this page comes from a published source. These are they.
Executive health
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